Language and Music

Language and Music â€Å"Understanding music requires no recuperation[SKS1] of an anecdotal world, and no reaction to fanciful objects†¦.the importance of music exists in it; it tends to be recouped distinctly through a demonstration of melodic comprehension, and not by a â€Å"assignment of values† of the sort gave by a semantic theory[SKS2]† (Roger Scruton) Music is a significant part of regular day to day existence: We can take it with us any place we proceed to utilize it to lay everything out or make a â€Å"soundtrack† to our lives. It has the ability to impact our states of mind and feelings and can work up sentiments and old recollections inside the initial not many notes. Music is interwoven in all societies and has been for whatever length of time that people have could make it. It has been said that instruments and the creation of music (in any structure) originates before the soonest proof of composing. Music is all over. So as to comprehend music it is essential to characterize what it is that makes something music. As indicated by the Oxford English Dictionary, the meaning of music is; â€Å"The workmanship or study of joining vocal or instrumental sounds to deliver magnificence of structure, agreement, tune, cadence, expressive substance, and so on.; melodic arrangement, execution, investigation, and so forth., as a subject of study; the occupation or calling of musicians.† (Oxford University Press 2014) As indicated by this definition, the premise of music is sound. Sound is characterized as a sensation brought about by a vibration of air particles. It can't be seen by the unaided eye and, at certain frequencies, can't be heard by the human ear. Music doesn't exist without sound as it is a result of different blends of â€Å"vocal or instrumental sounds†. Everything that is considered â€Å"musical† is produced using sound however few out of every odd sound is melodic. Sounds exist whether we are tuning in to them or not. Numerous sounds are accidental in that they are a fundamental consequence of an activity. They are not being made deliberately and are regularly just out of sight of regular daily existence. In spite of the fact that we hear them, we don't need to tune in or center around them in the event that we decide not to. Music, then again, is a purposeful article. It is deliberately made to be heard, we should concentrate on music and effectively hear it out. Music is acousmatic. At the point when we hear it we will in general segregate the sound from its creation and spotlight on the sounds. This varies to the non-melodic sounds we experience all over the place. Music is a fleeting event however must be examined in spatial terms. Despite the fact that there are explicit phrasings identified with music, there is no should be a specialist so as to appreciate a piece or talk about it with others. So as to appropriately think about the importance of music and characterize it, we apply semantic phrasing and contrast music with language. It is simple for us to separate both language and music into their littlest structures and think about the similitudes between both despite the fact that we may have an issue with the beginning stage of music as we would need to decide the littlest structure, which could be a sound, a note or even a beat, contingent upon how an individual perspectives the making of music and their insight into how music is shaped. If we somehow managed to separate language to its littlest structure and stir our way up, as it were, we could state that the littlest piece of language is a phoneme. From that point we can infer that a phoneme at that point turns into a morpheme, a morpheme at that point turns into an expression, which at that point turns into a provision, which at that point turns into a sentence, et cetera. As a local speaker, we can make various blends of words that can be comprehended by other people who share our language. With the end goal for things to be comprehended, it is said that there should be some type of normal information or shared view. It is likewise significant that there is some setting whatever is being communicated so we can conclude importance from what we are hearing/perusing. In the event that we separate music into its easiest structure, we start with sounds that are joined to make various pitches. These become expressions and successions that are consolidated to make enti re bits of music. In the event that we look at language and music on this level, we can see that the two offer similitudes in structure. While talking about the significance of music itself, there are a couple of interesting points. Right off the bat, we should recognize what we mean by music and the structure it is in. In the event that we are discussing composed music, one must have at any rate an essential information on melodic documentation so as to comprehend what they are perusing. Music is the general language.† Aphoristic as this expression might be, it relates something numerous individuals consider music: music is expressive. However, on the off chance that music is expressive, what, precisely, does music express? Besides, how does music express? Is the substance or way of articulation of music equivalent to the substance or way of articulation of language? In addressing questions, for example, these, we advance beforehand void social sayings about music like the one introduced before to the status of important cases. David Lewis features two significant highlights of language †language as an item and language as a training. I will introduce a perspective on the idea of music held by Peter Kivy, contrasting it with Lewis’ origination of language. I will at that point contend that by Kivy’s perspective on music, music isn't a language, however it has more language-like properties than Kivy concedes. To quickly assess the situation, we may feature four general properties of language we should search for in the assurance of whether something is a language: Language structure †Lewis’ syntax activities. Decide authentic strings. Semantics †Lewis’ meaning. The importance of a very much shaped string is the circumstance it portrays in a lot of potential universes. Truth Values †Derived from contrasting the importance of a sentence and our reality. Regular Activity †a populace subjectively decides a language utilized by routinely utilizing the language to communicate truth. Diminish Kivy underwrites a formalist perspective on music. The formalist principle is that music is a sort of sound structure. For the most part, we think about a structure as something we can acknowledge outwardly; the word ordinarily inspires mental pictures of certain spatial relations of articles to different items. Be that as it may, as indicated by the formalist, sound structures are â€Å"temporal examples of sound† (accentuation included). To place this in a jargon natural to artists, sound structures are only mix of kinds of sounds, (for example, pitches, percussion, and so forth.) that happen in some time period. Music has formal properties and sexy properties: a bit of music’s formal properties separate it from different bits of music; for example certain notes are played in a specific request, the piece is a sure speed, and there are sure rhythms. What's more, music’s ‘sensuous properties’ come down to the way that †stunner †mu sic is a heard medium: we hear and notice various parts of sound occasions when we experience music. Kivy’s perspective on music straightforwardly bolsters the consideration of one of the significant highlights of language in music’s nature. He says that music has a â€Å"special sort of request: the request for grammatical structure.† He says that this request is administered by rules (of a sort); these standards concern how various sounds ought to be consolidated in the creation of a melodic work. For instance, it is a staple of the language structure of specific schools in western music that there ought to be an arrival to the tonic toward the finish of a melodic expression. This grammar contrasts for various sorts of music, much as it accomplishes for various dialects. Certain harmonies can be utilized in specific types, and not in others †for instance, you will see level V harmonies utilized in harmony movements in jazz, however not most pre-current types of old style music. However, I think we have motivation to accept that the idea of melodic sentence structure is fundamentally the same as the idea of etymological grammar. As a matter of first importance, I question the declaration that the principles of semantic language structure are stricter than the standards of melodic linguistic structure. For instance, take the English punctuation decide that the primary letter of the main word in a composed sentence is promoted. I think this effectively qualifies as a syntactic principle of composed English; in any case, noticeable authors have disregarded it since the beginning (E. E. Cummings is one evident model), and individuals today regularly damage it when conversing with each other through electronic media, for example, messaging on the telephone and informing on the web. I think we despite everything need to state that these individuals are utilizing English †they are simply briefly dismissing a language structure rule of English, which is even mo re a consistency than a law. Nonetheless, however a few standards of etymological grammar are not completely severe, I do imagine that there are rules which are sacred. Lewis’ decide that there is a limited arrangement of rudimentary constituents matched with implications that we can use in the development of sentences is of vital significance when utilizing a language. I can’t type out an irregular combination of characters and anticipate that that design should be an English sentence. Additionally, certain combinatorial language structure rules are supreme. Also, I can't help suspecting that melodic punctuation has fundamentally the same as qualities to this origination of the attributes of etymological language structure. There are sure principles which can be bowed; a bit of music can safeguard its status as a bit of music in a specific sort whether or not it follows a particular syntactic ‘regularity’ of this sort. This is like syntactic standards like capitalization referenced in the past section. At that point there are sure standards which must be followed for a piece to be delegated an individual from a specific classification †relate this to how a string must follow a specific launch of the sentence structure rules Lewis set up to be described as an individual from one language instead of

Fragmentation from Christendom to the Protestant Reformation Was Not Research Paper

Discontinuity from Christendom to the Protestant Reformation Was Not Beneficial to the Evolution of European Culture - Research Paper Example Fundamentally, the world shape had been changed; making a new personality of European people group of what was once Catholic Christendom. Information about their way of life had been developing quickly from thirteenth century (Hillerbrand 89). Over the Atlantic, another world had been found and precise information on the seas and the terrains past Islam got far reaching. This harmonized with the fracture of the old thought of Christendom, supplanted by another topographical thought, Europe that incorporated all individuals from various European societies and who shared a typical history. This incorporated the protestant organizations, Roman Catholicism, and those in the Orthodox. Regardless of whether protestant transformation contained upgrades in the lives of European people group is easy to refute, since there were pessimistic and constructive effects in close to home, social, social, philosophical, and political practicalities. The effects of Fragmentation from Christendom to the protestant transformation on Culture and political idea Culturally, expressions with an exemption of engineering and music understood lost clerical help from protestant changes, and all the more in this way, Luther changes. The development of reformers utilized vernacular rather than Latin and in this way well known music was not as debilitated as the Liturgical language utilized by the congregation. Subsequently, this helped raise the music status since arrangers were allowed to create pieces which were all the more engaging individuals of a particular culture and language, therefore reassuring decent variety (MacCulloch, 75). Design stayed overflowing and stupendous as the various sections contended to set up venerate houses. Be that as it may, different expressions lost denominational acknowledgment by protestant restructurings. The support of visual expressions and strict pictures were not upheld by the protestant temples. Toward the start, battles among reformers about iconocl asm brought about clashes over the pictures place in the asylum. For example, the contrasts among Luther and Calvin’s threatening vibe toward visual pictures hampered the help given by houses of worship for craftsmanship. Culture was influenced so that, financing craftsmanship required an enormous measure of assets, both in formation of the workmanship and in supporting the craftsmen. The Catholic Church drew reserves and different assets from numerous holy places diffused over mainland Europe, while the Protestants had constrained asset base. The circumstance was made increasingly extreme since the sovereigns and the split away houses of worship were attempting to forestall their recap back to Christendom and the battle for endurance organized. This social bankruptcy prompted lost visual expressions for Protestants who might have in any case increased a profound feeling of delight and fulfillment from review workmanship to fortify their strict feelings. In any case, the vern acular Bible form, for example, the King James Version and Luther’s assumed a noteworthy job in the advancement of present day English and German writing (Mitchell and Buss 67). Protestant upset was not advantageous to the lives of European people group politically since autonomist bunches accumulated help by means of relating to specific categories. This prompted separation of Western Christianity regardless of the way that, for a Christian to put more reliability towards a political gathering or country rather than their confidence negates with the possibility of fraternity and Christian solidarity found in the Bible. The fracture of Christianity basing on nationalistic lines changed the

Transferring Colleges After Freshman Year TKG

Transferring Colleges After Freshman Year We have written a lot about the process of deciding whether or not you should transfer. The truth is that you might have a million reasons for wanting to transfer, but only some of them are worth writing about in your transfer application. This blog post will go into the process of transferring once you’ve decided that you want to leave your current school. We've broken the process out into three steps: FIGURE OUT WHAT’S MISSING: Start by making a very specific list of what you’re looking for, and then group it out into subcategories. For example:Academics:Philosophy, Politics, and Economics major (right now you’re studying Economics, but you’re actually interested in the intersection of these three disciplines)Small to medium size classes (you’re at a large research university, but feel overwhelmed) Research opportunities (there are very few at your school)Location:In or close to a city (because you want to apply to internships and don’t have many opportunities to do s o now due to the location of your current school)  FIGURE OUT WHERE TO FIND IT:This is where a hyper-specific list comes in handy. Working with this list above, you would start by researching schools with a PPE major, and then go through the rest of the metrics on your list. This fictitious student might want to look at Penn. Keep in mind that successful transfer applications show two things: 1) the offerings at your current school do not meet your academic needs and 2) you have what it takes to succeed at another institution. Writing that you want to transfer from Lehigh to Villanova to major in Biology is too broad; so make sure that when you’re doing transfer school research you’re looking into specific classes, professors, and other unique offerings at your desired school.  We do not suggest that you apply to schools that don’t meet your needs, but when working with transfer students we do usually hedge our bets. Transferring is common, yes, but it’s not as easy as peop le think. Keep researching until you’ve found a few schools that are good fits, but don’t apply to random schools.  APPLY:  Transfer applications are usually due in March, which means that you need to start working on them early. The best way to approach all of the supplements is to start by writing out all of the due dates, and submit all of the necessary documents. Ask for recommendation letters early. Then, log onto the transfer common app website and review all of the supplements. You’ll likely find a lot of (or at least some) overlap. While we would never suggest copying and pasting work from one school to another, be smart about not doing double work. Come up with an origin story about why you want to transfer and use that for the main transfer essay for every school. When it comes to writing about why you want to leave your current school, don’t say anything negative or dramatic. Just write a 1-2 sentences about why it’s not a good fit for you. As for making a cas e for why X school is the best place for you, that’s when you’ll rely on research. Write about the classes, professors, and unique opportunities that we mentioned earlier. When we work with transfer students, we remind them to follow up with their professors and colleges to ensure that the necessary documents have been sent. Set a reminder to check in to avoid any last-minute issues.    Finishing the applications is time-consuming work, but it’s worth it if you’re certain that you want to transfer. Let us know if you need help.

Essay on Personal Narrative- Soccer State Championship

Personal Narrative- Soccer State Championship On February 28, 2005, I experienced one of the most exciting events that anyone could ever experience – winning a State Championship. The day my soccer team made history is a day I’ll never forget. However it is not just that day we won the title, but the whole experience of the preceding season that got us there. From start to finish, my team’s 2004-2005 season taught me that the platitude is true. You can do anything you set your mind to. From before day one, all our minds were set. This was the year to win a State Championship. I can’t exactly explain it, but right from the start I knew we were going to do it. I was never so sure about anything in my life and I never doubted it once.†¦show more content†¦As Christmas break approached, the team faced what was going to be our biggest challenge of all. Due to his new job, our coach now took the title of â€Å"assistant† and we were given a new head coach. The coaches were, and are, good friends, but have totally different coaching styles. The first was laid back and carefree with a great sense of humor, which made him well liked by everyone he coached. The new coach had a reputation for being arrogant, strict, and having a no-tolerance policy when it comes to joking around. Because of this perspective some girls held of our new coach, many were upset with the change. After we attended a tournament over the break, however, the girls realized that t hey had been wrong about the coach and he was just what we needed to help us achieve our goal. Unfortunately we still had tension among players. It even got as far as one player taking the ball from another on the field in the middle of the game. As the season progressed, this problem practically solved itself as we bonded at practices, pre-game get-togethers, and voluntarily spending time together on weekends. We grew from barely tolerating each other to being such a tight-knit group that even schoolmates noticed. With the Christmas tournament aside, we entered the post-season without a loss. We had a plan for each playoff game from districts to regional. We never deviated from the plan, keeping our eye on the target –Show MoreRelatedCountry Notebook Essay12249 Words   |  49 Pagescard, South Korean executives will take a moment to read the card. They would never consider writing on the card, as this is a sign of disrespect. (Kieff.com) The South Korean business people believe that the first meeting should be personal. There should be personal conversation before business begins. In a business setting, people address each other by titles alone or by title and family name. Given names are not used without permission (business-in-asia.com). Visitors should never enter a conferenceRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesreserved. Printed in the United States of America. For-information, address St. Martins Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010. www.stmartins.com Library of Congress Cataloging...in..Publication Data 65 successful Harvard Business -School application essays : with analysis by the staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaper / Lauren Sullivan and the staff of The Harbus.-2nd ed. p.em. ISBN 978...0..312...55007...3 1. Business schools-United States-Admission. 2. 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This offers great beneï ¬ ts in terms of reduced costs and accelerated time to market, but also increased risk as more is at stake on one decision. There is also a move towards global regulatory harmonisation through the InternationalRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesModerate 7) Car rental firms, hair dressers, and management consultants provide ________. A) goods B) experiences C) events D) services E) information Answer: D Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Easy 8) The Soccer World Cup is promoted aggressively to both companies and fans. This is an example of marketing a(n) ________. A) idea B) place C) luxury item D) event E) service Answer: D Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 9) The MalaysiaRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior This page intentionally left blank Organizational Behavior EDITION 15 Stephen P. Robbins —San Diego State University Timothy A. Judge —University of Notre Dame i3iEi35Bj! Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montreal Toronto Delhi Mexico City Sao Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services:Read MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesStudies Approach with Spreadsheets, Fourth Edition Stevenson and Ozgur, Introduction to Management Science with Spreadsheets, First Edition Project Management The Managerial Process Fifth Edition Erik W. Larson Oregon State University Clifford F. Gray Oregon State University PROJECT MANAGEMENT: THE MANAGERIAL PROCESS Published by McGraw-Hill/Irwin, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY, 10020. Copyright  © 2011 by The McGraw-HillRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesupdated: April 26, 2016 Logical Reasoning Bradley H. Dowden Philosophy Department California State University Sacramento Sacramento, CA 95819 USA ii iii Preface Copyright  © 2011-14 by Bradley H. Dowden This book Logical Reasoning by Bradley H. Dowden is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. That is, you are free to share, copy, distribute, store, and transmit all or any part of the work under the following conditions:

Alzheimers Disease Essay - 2168 Words

Alzheimer’s disease or AD is an incurable disorder of the brain that results in loss of normal brain structure and function. In an AD brain, normal brain tissue is slowly replaced by structures called plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The plaques represent a naturally occurring sticky protein called beta amyloid and in an Alzheimer’s brain, sufferer’s tend to accumulate too much of this protein. Neurofibrillary tangles represent collapsed tau proteins which, in a normal brain along with microtubules, form a skeleton that maintains the shape of the nerve cells. In Alzheimer’s disease, the tau proteins break loose from their normal location and form tangles. Without the support of these molecules, nerve cells collapse and die. As normal†¦show more content†¦There are few people who do not worry about getting AD as they get older. Indeed, the incidence of AD increases with each successive year of life after age 60. Currently, scientists estimat e that â€Å"4.5 million people have AD in America alone and 22 million worldwide† (Willett 63). The disease affects about â€Å"five percent of people ages 65 to 74 and nearly half the population of people 85 and older† (â€Å"Alzheimer† 1). Disturbingly, the disease is becoming even more common. Statistics now show that the number of people with the disease doubles every five years among older people. Using this as a rule, Dr. Robert Katzman of the University of California â€Å"estimates the total could be 45 million worldwide by 2050† (qted in Willett 13). With these future projections of the incidence of AD, the financial cost of supporting the afflicted will be exorbitant as well. Lifetime societal costs for an individual afflicted with Alzheimer’s disease are â€Å"$174,000 in the United States† (Willett 13). The cost to businesses that â€Å"lose productivity of their employees who must care for their relatives afflicted with AD is 26 billion†(Willett 13). Economists also state, â€Å"the total cost to the United States per year for the care of AD patients is estimated to be 100 billion† (Willett 13). With these kind of costs financially, it is mandatory that public health programs be instated to decrease theShow MoreRelatedAlzheimers Disease945 Words   |  4 PagesAlzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurological disease; it often attacks the brain tissues causing memory loss of one’s identity and regular behaviors. Statistics indicates that the rate of predicted people to get Alzheimer’s will increase briskly as time goes on. There are currently no cures for such disastrous disease, but there are currently approved treatments available that can help people within the early stages of Alzheimer’s. 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Online Therapy - 1280 Words

Online Therapy Daryl Hartlauer BSHS-375 06/18/2015 David B. Lagerson Online Therapy The purpose of this paper is to investigate and to report how on-line therapy is currently being implemented in treatment today. I will be looking at three different current services and how they are regulated, how they are implemented, security issues, ethical issues, and treatment facilitation. In my opinion on-line therapy offers some unique advantages both for the client and the therapist. There are however some considerations in regards to distance, such as therapy being provided across state or national boundaries, being able to maintain a secure environment as well as a loss of some valuable to cues in reading and evaluating†¦show more content†¦Each listed therapist or counselor is licensed in their field for their particular state. This company founded in April of 2000 is claimed to be the largest global network of therapists available for online services. (Online Therapy, 2015) Conclusion There are a myriad of choices available to choose from. Many are offering very similar services, so it is a good practice to check their credentials, read their bios along with their ratings. Make sure that theyre using HIPPA approved software and have secure network connections. Another consideration, is the counselor certified or licensed in your state? Checked the pricing and read all the fine print to ensure you are getting what you are paying for. With the variety and types of services available online, be clear in what you’re trying to accomplish and what your needs are in order to make an informed decision. Some of the services use skype (business) or private e-mail lists. E-mail counseling evolved out of more traditional paper letter based counseling. This type of counseling has been used all the way back to Freud and his patients. One of the major drawbacks compared to face to face is that some of the inflection, tone of voice, posture and body language c an not necessarily be transmitted online. This can make it difficult to accurately assess the client or even lead to misdiagnosis. For someone who suffers withShow MoreRelatedOnline Therapy1057 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation. Therapy may be considered a clients maximum force in obtaining control of their problems they face during their lives. In current years therapy has evolved into a higher-level of treatment and can be taken online. Online therapy is cost effective, convenient, and helps with time management. On the web currently there are uncountable amounts of online therapy organizations available for individuals to benefit from, if needed. To obtain knowledge of the details of online therapy I haveRead MoreOnline Therapy1437 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Therapy BSHS/352 February 3,2014 Online Therapy Therapy can be seen as a way for a client to work through an issue in their life. A client may find that they dont feel comfortable sitting in an office with a therapist discussing their issues or concerns but that they would rather obtain therapy by accessing the Internet and utilizing online therapy. With modern technology it makes it much easier to access different forms of online therapyRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1529 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Therapy Heather Lattea BSHS/352 Instructor Andrade August 13, 2012 Online Therapy Online therapy has emerged as a viable new option in the helping profession. Online therapy or e-therapy occurs when a therapist provides therapy and support over the Internet. E-mail, chat, video, or smart phone are all waysRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1146 Words   |  5 PagesMARY H. GOODMAN JUNE 20TH, 2013 ONLINE THERAPY PAPER BSHA/352 TECHNOLOGY IN HUMAN SERVICES JASON ANDRADE ONLINE THERAPY PAPER INTRODUCATION This paper will discuss conduct and discuss three different online therapy sites. It will discuss the contact of each website, the professional involved, how the actual online interaction occurs. It will address how professional associations and state boards view online therapy. It will discuss the related security and ethical issues, such as informedRead MoreOnline Therapy Sites1574 Words   |  7 PagesOnline Therapy Sites Online therapy is professional counseling services that are offered over the internet. Online therapy allows clients and professionals to communicate over the internet without having to communicate in the traditional office visits. In addition, online therapy allows clients and patients to attend online counseling in which the clients will feel more comfortable and less intimidated. On the other hand, clients are more likely to be open and honest when communicating throughRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1368 Words   |  6 PagesOnline Therapy Paper Keisha Lucas BSHS/352 April 8, 2013 Professor Kari Siemieniewski Online Therapy Paper Online Therapy is a service that helps people to obtain therapeutic services through an online database that is ran by a therapist or a group of therapists, who are in charge of the website. Therapeutic websites are very helpful for someone who isn’t able to get to an office setting to have face-to-face sessions. They are extremely convenient because one can have counseling sessionsRead MoreOnline Therapy Paper1114 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Online Therapy Paper Shanika Elebeck BSHS 375 June 23, 2015 Ms. Reyes Online Therapy Paper Technology has made an enormous advancement with the helping field through technical applications. Applications like Skype can allow a person to communicate through video. 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The Influence of Technology in Human Resource Management - Sample

Question: Discuss about the Influence of Technology in Human Resource Management. Answer: Being a student in business management, it has always been something of concern about the management of the human resource team. However, with the advancement of technology, this has been simplified. In this, my research topic is how technology, by all means, has altered the management of the human resource team. The management of human resource takes various forms, from application to selection, to recruiting, to determining the productivity etc. Therefore, the utilization of technology on different fronts of human resource management by different companies is something that has been of concern to researchers and surveyors. Some of the statistics and data on this topic are readily available at https://blog.capterra.com/the-top-11-hr-technology-statistics-for-2016/. However, this data is for only one year, 2016. This project basically focuses on the improvement in technology and the management of human resource teams. The topic is broad with various questions but I will focus on the three most vital when it comes to the human resource team. The three questions are: what gives companies an edge when it comes to the class of a human resource team, does technology improve the costs of managing a human resource team and how does technology simplify the application process. In my research, I will use the phrases human resource and technology and human resource management. The data obtained will not be limited by the year of the journal or article with the main purpose to obtain a common ground for my topic. Basically. The development in technology and the increase in ease of managing a human resource team has ensured that the productivity of business entities is higher (Boxall Purcell, 2011; Wright Mcmahan, 2017). Furthermore, the technology used determines the level or class of the team (Dyer reeves, 2006) References Boxall, P. Purcell, J., 2011. Strategy and human resource management. s.l.:s.n. Dyer, L. Reeves, T., 2006. Human resource strategies and firm performance: what do we know and where do we need to go? The international journal of human resource management. Wright, P. M. McMahan, G. C., 2017. Theoretical

Abortion Essays (925 words) - Abortion Debate, Fertility, Abortion

Abortion Abortion is one of the most controversial issues discussed in today's society. This issue has caused a great deal of turmoil in the world. Some protestors have even killed other human beings over the issue. People's religion has had some input on this issue, but this should not be the only factor when looking at this serious controversial debate. There are many questions that one must ask him or herself when deciding to be either for or against abortion. In this position paper I am going to talk about some issues that may not be black and white. My position on this issue is against abortion, and I am going to attempt to show that. Abortion is wrong in many instances. It is wrong anytime except in the case of a dying mother, incest or rape. It is wrong because people choose to have sex. They know the consequences before they had sex. For example, a person is playing Russian Roulette. This person knows that there is a possibility that they may die from this. In the case of pregnancy, the people that choose to have sex, they know that there is a chance at getting pregnant. The people that have an abortion when they have become pregnant by there own choice, not by incest, rape or threatening the mother's life, are using it as a birth control method, which is wrong. One of the major issues is determining whether or not the fetus is a person, and if so, when? My view is that it becomes a person at the time of conception. At that specific time, it has 46 chromosomes and is determined whether or not is it going to be a boy or girl. Furthermore, all other characteristics are decided at that moment. One of the issues discussed in class was the time of conception. A point mentioned in class was that any time a sperm or egg was destroyed or killed, then abortion was occurring, for example, masturbation or menstruation. The point that is trying to be made is that if killing the fetus at conception is wrong, which has potential to be a person, then killing the things that have potential to become a person, like sperm and eggs, is wrong also. I do not agree with this point. My reasoning is the sperm or egg does not have all 46 chromosomes, it has only half. Half of the chromosomes does not make a person. Alone, the sperm or egg cannot become a person, but at the time of conception it is possible. I cannot sufficiently rebut the idea of the potentiality of the sperm or egg. I do understand that these both have the potential to become a person. A point related to the previous one is the use of contraceptives. The use of contraceptives brings up the issue of why aren't these as wrong as an abortion. This raises again the idea of the potentiality of a person. As I previously mentioned, I do not see something with half of the chromosomes needed to become a human, a human. John Noonan says that the fetus is a person, therefore it is wrong to kill it. The problem with this is that all people do not believe a fetus is a person, therefore it is okay to kill it. For example, Mary Anne Warren does not believe the fetus is a person. She thinks that there are certain traits or characteristics that an organism must have in order to be characterized as a person. These are: (1) "consciousness (of objects and events external and /or internal to the being), and in particular the capacity to feel pain; (2) reasoning (the developed capacity to solve new and relatively complex problems); (3) self motivated activity (activity which is relatively independent of either genetic of direct external control); (4) the capacity to communicate, by whatever means, messages of an indefinite variety of types, that is, not just with an indefinite number of possible contents, but on indefinitely many possible topics; (5) the presence of self-concepts, and self awareness, either individual or racial, or both." The problem with these traits as determining the time at which a fetus becomes a person is that these traits describe things that are not just human, but also children that are two and three years of age. For instance, these characteristics say that a new born baby that is alive and breathing on its own, is not a person and therefore it is okay to kill

The ras gene Essay Example

The ras gene Essay Example The ras gene Essay The ras gene Essay Introduction The ras cistron was originally discovered as a viral transforming gene. Subsequent surveies have found that an altered version of the ras cistron is found in approximately 30 per centum of all human tumors. 1 Ras proteins encoded by reticular activating systems cistrons are little GTPase that serve as signal transducers by exchanging from an active GTP-bound signifier to an inactive GDP-bound signifier. These plasma-membrane-localized molecular switches regulate multiple signal transduction tracts. Activation of Ras signalling causes cell growing, distinction and endurance. Ras effecters refer to the alternate downstream signaling spouses that interact with the active signifier of Ras. There are at least three major effecter tracts, which are Raf kinase, PI3K and Ral-GEF tracts. Mutants in the Ras effecter adhering loop abrogate the ability of Ras effecters to adhere to Ras without interrupting the intrinsic ability of Ras to hydrolyse GTP and lead to the unmanageable downstream signaling Cascadess which may do malignant neoplastic disease. 2 Ras proteins Ras protein is held at the interior surface of the plasma membrane by a lipid group that is embedded in the interior cusp of the bilayer. It is a cardinal constituent of signaling tracts that leads all the manner from the outer surface of the plasma membrane to the Deoxyribonucleic acid of the karyon. The transition of Ras from an inactive GDP-bound signifier to an active GTP-bound protein is a cardinal measure in conveying the activation of membrane-bound receptor tyrosine kinases to the induction of cistron written text in the karyon. Figure 1: The Ras signaling rhythm ( From Robert A. Weinberg. The biological science of malignant neoplastic disease 150-153, 2007 ) Figure 1 shows the Ras signaling rhythm. The upstream signals stimulate the inactive Ras-GDP signifier to the active Ras-GTP signifier. There are three distinguishable types of cell-surface receptors involved in the upstream signaling of Ras: G protein-coupled receptors, receptor tyrosine kinase, and integrins. All of them can take to the formation of phosphotyrosine moorage sites for the SH2 sphere of the adapter protein Grb2. Another sphere of Grb2 molecule binds to a protein called Sos. As a Ras-GEF, one time recruited to the interior surface of the membrane by adhering with Grb2, the Sos protein binds to Ras and trip it. 3 In most cases, binding of the GTP-bound protein activates the downstream mark, leting it to transport out a peculiar map. As a rhythm, the GTP-bound protein is so hydrolysed by GAP and returns to the inactive signifier. Mutants in the reticular activating systems cistron that lead to tumour formation prevent the protein from hydrolyzing the edge GTP back to the GDP signifier, even in the presence of the GAP. However, about all RAS activation in tumor is accounted for by mutants in codons 12, 13 and 61, which merely affect the GTPase catalytic activity of the Ras protein and stay other maps. Therefore, the Ras protein is left in the active signifier and additions an increased power to drive cell proliferation. 4 Ras effecters Ras effecters are proteins that have a strong affinity to the active signifier GTP-Ras, whose binding is impaired by mutants within the nucleus effecter sphere. The binding of Ras effecter proteins to GTP-Ras triggers distinct signaling Cascadess. However, some recent researches find that non as believed that GDP-Ras does non hold any functional function ; GDP-Ras so interacts with several effecter proteins and modulates downstream signaling events. 5, 6 In 1993, Raf kinase was foremost discovered as a Ras effecter followed by Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factors ( Ral-GEFs ) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase ( PI3K ) . Apart from the three effecters, the turning household of RAS effecter proteins includes RIN1, AF6, NORE1, TIAM, GAP, MEKK, PKC- ? and PLC-e. Currently there are more than 10 different RAS effecters ( see Figure 2 ) , and several of them contain functionally related isoforms. 7 Figure 2: Ras effecter tracts ( From Robert A. Weinberg. The biological science of malignant neoplastic disease 202-204, 2007 ) Royal air force The serine/threonine kinase Raf has been shown to be a critical signal transducer used normally by a figure of receptor protein tyrosine kinases ( RPTKs ) and to be indispensable for growing and development in craniates and invertebrates. 8, 9 Raf maps in the mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) tract as portion of a protein kinase cascade. Raf kinase is stimulated by a assortment of receptors in tracts both independent of and dependent on Ras. Ras-Raf interactions have been extensively characterized and shown to be mediated by the effecter adhering cringle of Ras and the N-terminal regulative part of Raf. 10-13 Once Ras has bound GTP, activated Ras attracts and binds Raf via its effecter cringle. After this association, Raf is relocated via Ras from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. Activated Raf phosphorylates MEK ( MAPK kinase or Erk kinase ) which in bend activates MAP kinases such as Erk which phosphorylates several written text effecter molecules involved in the finding of the cellular response, such as Ets, Elk-1 and SAP-1 ) . 14, 15 There are four major groups of MAP kinases in worlds: the extracellular signal-regulated kinases ( Erk1 and Erk2 ) ; the c-Jun N-terminal kinases/stress-activated protein kinases ( Jnk1, Junk2 and Junk3 ) ; the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases ( p38MAPKa, p38MAPK A ; szlig ; , p38MAPK? and p38MAPKd ) ; and the extracellular signal-regulated kinases-5 ( Erk5 or Big MAP kinase-1 ) . 16 The Erks are by and large thought to be more of import in human malignant neoplastic disease than the other MAP kinase households, and functional end product of Erk is publicity of tumor growing, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis. At low degrees Erk activity is deficient to excite proliferation, whereas high degrees of Erk activity favor cell rhythm suppression, frequently as a preliminary to distinction or aging. This is clearly of import in malignant neoplastic disease, where the cells need to accomplish the right degree of Erk activity in order to favor proliferation over other results to guarantee tumour patterned advance. Unfortunately, it is hard to prescriptive about the precise degrees of Erk activity as a predictive marker in malignant neoplastic disease surveies. It besides means that the lone manner to guarantee that this tract is being inhibited in tests of new targeted therapies will be to execute comparings of tract activity in pre- and on-treatment biopsies. 17 By using constitutively active and dominant negative mutations of the Ras and Raf proteins it has been shown that the Ras/Raf signal- transduction cascade plays a important function in the ordinance of cell proliferation by growing factors. The activation of the cascade by itself is sufficient to drive immortalized fibroblasts cell lines through a complete cell rhythm. Experiments demoing that cells showing oncogenic constituent active mutations of the Ras or Raf proteins show elevated degrees of cyclin D1 protein, which forms a complex with and maps as a regulative fractional monetary unit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is required for cell rhythm G1/S passage. Overexpression of cyclin D1, which alters cell rhythm patterned advance, is observed often in a assortment of tumours and may lend to tumorigenesis. In add-on, the p27kip1 protein, which interacts with cyclin/cdk composites and thereby inhibits the catalytic activity of the composite, is repressed by Ras/Raf signalling. A po ssible account of how the Ras/Raf proteins intercede the downregulation of p27kip1 look arose from the observation that the Ras/Raf induced Erk kinase is able to phosphorylate the p27kip1 protein in vitro and that the phosphorylated p27kip1 protein can non adhere to and suppress the kinase activity of cdk2 immune composites, which so facilitates the phosphorylation of the cdk inhibitor and thereby marks the protein for ubiquitination and debasement. 20 Three isoforms of Raf in mammal have been identified ( Raf-1, B-Raf and A-Raf ) . All Raf proteins are expressed ubiquitously in developing and grownup mice, although B-Raf look is highest in neural tissues and A-Raf look is highest in urogenital tissue. 18 Mutations in Raf-1 are rare, but this isoform can be activated in certain contexts and may lend to oncogenesis by advancing cell endurance and modulating Erk signaling within a threshold allowable to proliferation. The presence of Ras and B-Raf mutants in malignant neoplastic disease high spots the importance of this tract as a curative mark. Studies show that malignant neoplastic disease cells that harbour mutants in B-Raf are well more sensitive to pathway suppression than are cells in which Ras is mutated. Unfortunately, at present it is still ill-defined whether it is better to aim B-Raf or MEK in B-Raf mutated cells. 19 The Ras-Raf-MAPK tract is arguably the most-extensively characterized and exhaustively studied signal transduction tract in metazoans, surely over the last decennary. This examination reflects the cardinal function of this tract in development, cellular distinction, and, particularly, mitogenesis. Continuous overactivity of this tract is necessary to the growing of a significant fraction of tumor development. The tract constituents therefore are attractive marks for antiproliferative therapies. The apprehension of the interaction between these elements and their operation during the procedure of Raf activation has expanded greatly but remains uncomplete. Decision

Uses Cases Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Uses Cases - Assignment Example The withdrawal transaction begins by a customer inserting his or her Bank Card into the card slot of the ATM. Then a user validation process is performed on the basis of the card ID and the customer’s PIN. After validation, the a display screen is provided containing the available set of operations. In this scenario, the customer has directly selects â€Å"Withdraw Cash†. The ATM screen displays prompts for an account type. The selects the desired account type from the available Menu. This is immediately followed by screen for the user to input the required amount of money. All this information falls under the withdrawal use case. That is, the Bankcard ID, PIN (Personal Identification Number), account type and amount, which is then sent to the Bank as a requested transaction. The Bank then replies with a go-ahead or not reply. Upon successful approval the customer’s money is made available by the dispenser. The ATM then ejects the card and Prints a receipt. It is essential to indicate that this use case is based on the assumption that a user makes a direct and successful withdrawal. However, there are some alternative flows caused by conditions such as Wrong PIN, Invalid or Expired Card, Invalid Account type and Excess withdrawal Amount. The second diagram is a use case dependency for making an account deposit. As indicated in the use case diagram below, this is another highly technical procedure in the design of an ATM service machine. The preconditions are same as for withdrawal, which is a customer and Bank. The following is involved in the execution of an account deposit transaction. The transaction initiates by a Bank Customer inserting his or her card. This is then followed a provision of display screen by the ATM prompting a user PIN, which is integrated as the validation use case. It uses the card ID and PIN to authenticate its use. The machine displays a screen

Survey Results and Scores Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Survey Results and Scores - Research Proposal Example According to Coffman (2000), organizations need to have clear definitions of the work expectations from the employees. The author argues that while the explicit tasks are clearly spelled out, the implicit tasks must also be defined clearly. If these functions and tasks are not defined clearly, then it leads to a de-motivating gap between expectancy and performance. So while the employee feels that the work done has been as required, the manager or supervisor may have expected something more and this leads to statements such as 'I expected you to this also and not wait for my request". This is a somewhat favorable response to have gotten. The next question got a rating of 3.7 and the result can be interpreted on the lower level of Agree. Daly (1985) has emphasized the importance of having the right materials, at the right time and with the right people. The researcher had conducted extensive reviews about the productivity norms between German and British manufacturing firms and the conclusion was that the German industries were far ahead in productivity than the British forms. The main reason was that the proper tools and materials were provided to the workers on time and this lead to optimum use of the workforce. The same logic can be used for RBN and the rather lower score suggests that improvement needs to be done with regards to the availability of software tools and testing systems. The third question received a low score of 2.9 and the score is interpreted as Somewhat Agree. Singh (1994) has argued that fresh recruits, typically who are fresh out of college or who have put in a couple of years of service come with preconceived notions of a high profile challenging work and they come with a mission to change the world. When such recruits are faced with a rather sedate and regular works that may not involve very high level of work, the recruits face a type of disillusionment, which gradually builds into resentment. They feel that they are capable of doing a much higher level of work. After some interval of time of the new joiners do not see any change in their work content, they tend to look for other openings. While organizations cannot change their work processes to suit the likes of their employees, they need to bring in measures such as job rotation that will offer some kind of a change in the lives of the employees. The fourth question got a pretty low score, and that is not to be taken as a good sign for the company. It has been given a low score of 2.9 and the score is interpreted as Somewhat Agree. The low score shows that there is discontent over what the employees feel about rewards and recognition. Bishop (1987) has given details about a survey in which 150 HR employees ranging from executives to hourly employees from some of the nation's 1,000 largest companies were surveyed to understand how the employees rate the work satisfaction. In the survey, 47 percent said that recognition and praise were very important for job satisfaction. Next came promotions that ranked 26 percent and then came perks at 7 percent. The author concludes that employees are most worried about recognition from the managers and praise for a job well done. There is some dispute about the concept of a job well done and employees may raise complaints about the partisan attitude of managers when it comes to recognizing

Accomplished Senior Level Accountant Resume Essay Example for Free

Accomplished Senior Level Accountant Resume Essay SENIOR ACCOUNTANT / AUDITOR Accomplished Senior Level Accountant with exceptional analytical skills and in-depth knowledge of internal controls concepts.   Expertise in conducting operational and financial audits and identifies and implements business process improvements.   Effectively writes recommendations to strengthen internal controls resulting in improved operational efficiencies.   Excellent communication skills. Fluent in English Chinese   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CORE KNOWLEDGE AREAS à ¼Ã‚   Internal Controls à ¼Ã‚   Superb Organizational /Analysis Skills à ¼Ã‚   Staff Development Training à ¼Ã‚   Policies / Procedures à ¼Ã‚   Operational / Financial Audits à ¼Ã‚   Team Leadership RELEVANT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE ILLINOIS DEPARTMENT OF INSURANCE, Chicago, IL  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2001-Present Auditor-in-Charge (2006-Present) Staff Auditor (2001-2006) As Auditor-in-Charge, conducts audits through formal walkthroughs of accounting processes, internal control evaluation and testing, risk assessments high level analytical review, business organization and strategy analysis, and consideration of fraud. Develops audit procedures. Developed and maintains the audit budget, tracking any deviation and reporting it to the Supervisor. Prepares audit summary reports with documented audit findings and recommendations. Facilitate information requests from audit team members to accounting personnel ensuring a smooth workflow process. Mentors new hires on career development through on-the-job training. In the capacity of Staff Auditor, conducted financial audits of large insurance companies such as Allstate Insurance Company, Zurich Life Insurance Company and Country Insurance Company. Successfully audited over 30 various companies and performed substantive audit procedures to test the validity of financial information. Documented audit procedures and testing conclusions. Analyzed/validated financial data regarding material assets, net worth, liabilities, income and expenses. Verified large amounts of asset and liability account balances in excess of $1 billion. Provided corrective actions for companies to avoid fines and license suspensions. ADDITIONAL WORK EXPERIENCE CENTER FOR ECONOMIC PROGRESS, (City/State)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2003-Present Voluntary Tax Preparer Prepared federal and state income tax returns using TaxWise for hundreds of low income families. COMPUTER SKILLS Microsoft Word  ¨ Excel    ¨Ã‚   ACL   Ã‚ ¨ TeamMate Audit Management System EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS-CHAMPAIGN, Champaign, Illinois Bachelor of Science, Accounting, 2001 CERTIFICATIONS Chartered Property Casualty Underwriter (CPCU), 2005 Fellow, Life Management Institute (FLMI), 2004 Certified Financial Examiner (CFE), 2004 Certified Public Accountant (CPA), 2003

Personal Narrative- Books Have Greatly Impacted my Life Essay -- Perso

I wasn't interested in books when I was very young, except for an interest in comic books. Maybe that's because I was never really read to consistently. My mother claims to have read to me some when I was younger, but I don't remember it. Giving birth to five kids in seven years, and having one die at three days old, sort of cut into her time for entertaining me with thrilling renditions of The Cat in the Hat. I had to entertain myself with what I could find, and I picked up some basic reading skills from some of the kid's shows on television in the sixties. When I hit that magical age of six and went to elementary school, I was introduced to the first real books I can remember. There I learned about the world of Alice and Jerry, who played all the time and had such a wonderful life. Jerry even had a dog named Spot who sounded like great fun. I always wanted that dog for my very own. And Alice had a beautiful doll with golden hair named Betsy Lee that I wanted, too. Guess what my sister who was born that year was named at my insistence? She's hated me for it ever since, and I can tell you in all honesty, she didn't end up being a doll either. So you see the influence of books had already begun to affect my life even at that age, even though they hadn't gotten into my blood at that point. Rather I did my own thing, and I was much happier just riding my bike, playing dolls with my friends, or reading comic books, which amounted to mostly looking at the pictures. Even before I started school, I remember riding my bike to the local gas station every week to buy a bag of penny candy and a new comic book with money I got from finding soda bottles and trading them in for the nickel deposit. Superman, Spiderman, Aquama... ...nd writing dynamic essays. And as soon as I got home, I had to make myself do my homework first, because I was writing every day by that time. I knew if I started writing fiction first I'd discover the next time I looked up from the computer screen that it was already 4 am. It was the second revelation in a year for me when I realized that I had only one path of study that felt right for me. Writing and books were the only things that ever made me that happy. So now I have college texts instead of comic books. I still love the art that made comics special, but now I have text as well as a passion in my life. And now I have lots of new friends--Dickinson and Foucault and Chopin and so many others. Here I have so many opportunities to read for shared and new insight, and to write to my heart's content. I'm a happy woman. It's like I've come home at last. Personal Narrative- Books Have Greatly Impacted my Life Essay -- Perso I wasn't interested in books when I was very young, except for an interest in comic books. Maybe that's because I was never really read to consistently. My mother claims to have read to me some when I was younger, but I don't remember it. Giving birth to five kids in seven years, and having one die at three days old, sort of cut into her time for entertaining me with thrilling renditions of The Cat in the Hat. I had to entertain myself with what I could find, and I picked up some basic reading skills from some of the kid's shows on television in the sixties. When I hit that magical age of six and went to elementary school, I was introduced to the first real books I can remember. There I learned about the world of Alice and Jerry, who played all the time and had such a wonderful life. Jerry even had a dog named Spot who sounded like great fun. I always wanted that dog for my very own. And Alice had a beautiful doll with golden hair named Betsy Lee that I wanted, too. Guess what my sister who was born that year was named at my insistence? She's hated me for it ever since, and I can tell you in all honesty, she didn't end up being a doll either. So you see the influence of books had already begun to affect my life even at that age, even though they hadn't gotten into my blood at that point. Rather I did my own thing, and I was much happier just riding my bike, playing dolls with my friends, or reading comic books, which amounted to mostly looking at the pictures. Even before I started school, I remember riding my bike to the local gas station every week to buy a bag of penny candy and a new comic book with money I got from finding soda bottles and trading them in for the nickel deposit. Superman, Spiderman, Aquama... ...nd writing dynamic essays. And as soon as I got home, I had to make myself do my homework first, because I was writing every day by that time. I knew if I started writing fiction first I'd discover the next time I looked up from the computer screen that it was already 4 am. It was the second revelation in a year for me when I realized that I had only one path of study that felt right for me. Writing and books were the only things that ever made me that happy. So now I have college texts instead of comic books. I still love the art that made comics special, but now I have text as well as a passion in my life. And now I have lots of new friends--Dickinson and Foucault and Chopin and so many others. Here I have so many opportunities to read for shared and new insight, and to write to my heart's content. I'm a happy woman. It's like I've come home at last.

Marketing research: assume you are developing

Mc Daniel and Gates (1999) have given a ten-point procedure for developing a questionnaire. This procedure can be adapted and used in designing a questionnaire for the newly developed sandwich by MacDonalds. These authors have emphasized the need for questionnaires to be developed properly, otherwise incomplete and inaccurate data shall be generated. They specifically stressed the need for three important questions to be answered adequately by the would-be questionnaire designer or developer. These questions are as follows: (a) Does the questionnaire to be developed for MacDonald’s sandwich provide the necessary decision-making information for management? For example, can it tell management about the ingredients that should make-up the sandwich and at what price it should be sold to the public? (b) Does it consider the respondent to whom the questionnaire shall be administered to? If respondents are taken into account, the questions would be tailored to their level of comprehension. (c)Does the questionnaire meet editing, coding and data processing needs? It behooves questionnaire developers to take these concerns into account before designing the questions. Ideally, the questionnaire should be pre-tested to see how the questions are understood by the respondents. Questionnaire development Processes According McDonald and Gates (1999) these ten steps should be followed in designing a questionnaire: 1. Set objectives of the study and consider resources and constraints of the study   (MacDonald’s sandwich )- Every study as such the one on sandwich must have a definite objective. This objective should be clearly spelt out. A meaningful objective is one which is attainable within the resources at the disposal of the company commissioning the research study. For example, an objective can be to establish how the newly developed sandwich should be priced. Possible constraints of the study also need to be identified and factored into the process of developing and administering the questionnaire. For example, if the intended market of the sandwich is noted for apparent difficulty in securing respondents to participate in research study, that constraint should be taken into account. In such situations, it may be needful to increase the incentives given to respondents to encourage participation. 2. Determine what data collection procedures to use  Ã‚   – Questionnaires can be administered by telephone, email, or in-person. Each approach employed influences the design used. It also has a cost implication, which must be taken into account. 3.Come out with the question response format – After zeroing in on the method for collecting the data, the actual format should be determined. Generally, three types of response formats can be used. These include open-ended questions, where the respondent is given freewill to respond to questions in his own words. There are also the close-ended questions, where   respondents are allowed to select from a list of answers. Thirdly, there is the scaled-response questions, where multiple-choice questions are given to respondents to pick answers from. 4. Make a decision on how the question should be worded – McDonald and Gates (1999) have given four guidelines that should govern this process. These are (a) the wording should be clear and to the point. (b) Select words that   do not preempt other answers over others or that systematically biase the research outputs. (c) consider the ability of the typical respondents to answer the questions and (d) take into account the willingness of the respondents to answer the questions. 5. Determine the arrangement of   the questions – The questions should be arranged in such a manner that establishes a flow. For example, questions that warm up the respondents should come before those considered difficult and complex. 6.   Assess the questionnaire – Determine the relevance and longevity of questions and the ability of questions to answer the research objectives. 7. Seek the consent of relevant stakeholders – Allow all relevant stakeholders to review the questionnaire and give their approval before administering it in the field. By this approach, their support and cooperation is gained. 8. Give it a trial and revise it accordingly – Before administering the questionnaire, it must be field tried or tested. Here, limited number of persons is allowed to answer the questions and how they understood or perceived the questions are evaluated. Their comments are then factored into the final questionnaire. 9.Develop the final copy of the questionnaire – At this juncture, a final copy of the questionnaire is developed. This copy incorporates both the comments of management, sponsors and respondents. 10. Administer the questionnaire – The questionnaire is given out to the intended population for which information is needed.   Instructions to guide   supervisors and interviewers should accompany the questionnaires prepared. Conclusion By adopting this ten-point approach to developing and implementing questionnaires, it should be possible for the needed information to guide managerial decision-making on the newly developed sandwich of MacDonald’s to be obtained. Reference McDaniel, C. and Gates, R. (1999). Contemporary Marketing Research, 4th Edition, South-Western College Publishing, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.            

Wilson Murder Trial, Huntsville 1992

At almost exactly 9:30 p.m. on the evening of May 22, 1992, Huntsville police were notified by the 911 dispatcher of a possible burglary in progress with an injured victim at the scene. The location was Boulder Circle, an affluent neighborhood nestled among the mountains overlooking Huntsville, Alabama. The Victim is Beaten to Death Within minutes of arriving on the scene, police discovered the body of a male victim, identified as well-liked local ophthalmologist Dr. Jack Wilson, lying in the upstairs hallway. Wilson had been brutally murdered, apparently with a baseball bat found lying nearby. Homicide detectives began searching every square inch of the house and grounds. A police dog was brought in to sniff out possible evidence police might not catch with the naked eye. As they began the tedious task of trying to determine what had happened, none of them realized they were about to become involved in the most notorious murder case in Huntsvilles history. Reconstructing the Events By canvassing neighbors and reconstructing the events, police determined that Dr. Wilson left his office around 4 p.m. and came home. After changing his clothes, he went outside to his front yard where neighbors reported seeing him using a baseball bat to drive a political campaign sign in the ground at approximately 4:30 p.m. He then took a stepladder from the garage and carried it to the upstairs hallway where he removed a smoke detector that was later found lying on the bed, disassembled. At this point, police theorized Wilson was surprised by someone who was already in the house. The unknown assailant grabbed the baseball bat and began beating the doctor. After the doctor collapsed to the floor, the assailant proceeded to stab him twice with a knife. While the crime had originally been reported as a possible burglary, it had none of the typical signs: There were no open drawers, no ransacked closets, no overturned furniture. Without evidence of a break-in or theft, the case was beginning to look more like an â€Å"inside job.† Police theorized that it was someone who knew the doctors habits and had access to his home that had killed him. The Doctors Wife Had an Alibi Dr. Wilsons widow, Betty, was initially too distraught to be questioned, however, later investigation revealed shed had lunch with her husband that day around noon. Dr. Wilson went back to his office and Betty spent much of the rest of her day shopping in preparation for a trip theyd planned to take the next morning. After attending an Alcoholics Anonymous meeting that evening, she returned home at about 9:30—where she discovered her husband’s body. She went to a neighbors home and they called 911. By using credit card receipts and eyewitnesses, the police were able to verify Betty Wilson’s whereabouts for the entire day, except for one 30-minute period at around 2:30 p.m. and another between 5 and 5:30 p.m. Other family members were checked out as well but all appeared to have solid alibis. A Break in the Case The first break for the investigators came when the Shelby County Sheriffs Office passed on a tip theyd received a week prior to the murder. A woman had called, concerned about her friend James White, whom while drunk, had bragged about plans to kill a doctor in Huntsville. While Whites story was jumbled, what emerged was that he was supposedly infatuated with a woman named Peggy Lowe whod recruited him to murder her twin sisters husband. The caller admitted that she doubted the story. â€Å"White liked to talk big when he was drinking and lately he had been drunk almost all the time.† Nevertheless, she was concerned enough to pass what shed heard on to police. After the Huntsville Police learned of the tip it took only minutes to establish that Peggy Lowe was Betty Wilson’s twin sister. Investigators decided it was time to pay James White a visit. The Hitman Tells His Story James Dennison White was a 42-year-old Vietnam veteran who had a history of mental disorders and antisocial behavior caused largely by drug and alcohol abuse. One of his last mental evaluations described him as suffering from delusions and the inability to separate fact from fantasy. White had been incarcerated in a number of mental institutions as well as jail. While serving time for selling drugs, White escaped. He was captured almost a year later in Arkansas, where he was involved in kidnapping a man and his wife. When questioned by detectives, White initially denied everything but slowly, as the evening and night wore on, he began to contradict himself, spinning a web of half-truths, lies, and fantasies. He first denied knowing Peggy Lowe—and then admitted to knowing her. He denied knowing Betty Wilson, then said he was going to do some work for her. Gradually a pattern emerged. As White would get caught in a contradiction, hed admit to that thing but continued to deny everything else. It was a type of behavior that was typical to most criminal investigations. Detectives understood from experience that getting White to admit the truth was going to be a long, drawn-out process. Whites Confession Finally, just as the sun was peeking over the horizon, White broke down. Though it would take several months, as well as numerous subsequent confessions to get him to tell the whole story, White basically confessed to being hired by Peggy Lowe and Betty Wilson to kill Dr. Jack Wilson. White claimed to have met Peggy Lowe at the elementary school where she worked and where he had worked as a part-time handyman. According to White, it was after hed done some work at Betty Wilsons house that became infatuated with him and started spending hours on the phone with him. She gradually began to talk about her husband—and to hint that she would like to see him killed. A short time later, while Betty had dropped the subject of her husband, she mentioned that her sister wanted to hire a â€Å"hit† man. White said, pretending to play along, he knew someone whod do it for $20,000. Betty Lowe told him that was too much money since her sister was practically broke. Finally, they agreed on a price of $5,000. White told police Peggy Lowe gave him a plastic bag containing half the sum in small bills. Gradually, as Whites story evolved, it included phone calls between him and the sisters, the twins giving him a gun, a trip to Guntersville to pick up expense money inside a library book, and finally, meeting Betty Wilson in Huntsville to get more expense money. The Day of the Crime On the day of the murder, White claimed Betty Wilson met him in the parking lot of a nearby shopping center and drove him to her home where he waited for two hours until Dr. Wilson arrived. White maintained he was unarmed at the time. He later stated that his experiences in Vietnam had soured him on guns. Instead, hed brought along a long rope. White said that although he remembered struggling with Wilson over the baseball bat, he did not remember killing the doctor. After the murder, he said Betty Wilson came to the house, picked him up, and drove him back to the shopping center. He then retrieved his truck, drove back to Vincent, and went out drinking with his brother. As proof of his story, White led police to his home where a gun registered to Betty Wilson and a book from the Huntsville Public Library were found. (Meanwhile, a source close to the case described White after he was brought back to Huntsville, as being in â€Å"physical agony, almost climbing the walls, and begging to be given his medicine.† The medicine—allegedly Lithium—was withheld because it was in a different bottle than it originally came in and White did not have a prescription for it.) The Arrests are Made While White was unsure about dates, times, and specific events and it would take time to sort the story out, detectives felt there was enough evidence to arrest the twin sisters. The news of Betty Wilson’s arrest for the murder of her husband exploded like a bombshell in Huntsville. Not only was she a well-known socialite, but her husband’s estate was rumored to be worth almost six million dollars. Adding fuel to the fire was the report that Betty had helped host a fundraiser for a popular political figure the night before the murder. Huntsville is a small town, especially during political seasons. Gossip spread so quickly that daily newspapers were already out of date when they hit the streets. By piercing the juicy tidbits together, a portrait of Betty Wilson as a cold-blooded murderess began to take shape. Rumor had it shed always been a â€Å"gold digger†Ã¢â‚¬â€and that shed been heard cursing her husband. (Dr. Wilson suffered Crohns disease—a chronic inflammation of the digestive tract that often leads to unpleasant bowel-related symptoms, which his wife allegedly found to be a huge turn-off.) Most damning, however, was the talk that centered on her alleged numerous sexual liaisons. Political Ploys When the news media caught up with the story, they pursued it with a vengeance. Newspapers, magazines, and television shows from across the country began following the story and reporters seemed to be competing against one another to see who could come up with the most salacious version of events. When members of the D.A.’s office and the sheriff’s office began leaking information to the press, it became clear they were trying to leverage the case for political advantage. The situation became even more politicized when the D.A. agreed to a controversial plea bargain for White, which would give him life, with parole possible in seven years, in exchange for helping convict the sisters. Pundits later claimed the plea bargain spelled the end of the D.A.s political career. Murder Charges For Betty Wilson and Peggy Lowe At the hearing, the prosecution successfully argued that Betty Wilson being the beneficiary of her husbands will and the fact shed engaged in sexual affairs was enough to prove motive for murder. James Whites tape-recorded confession provided the evidence. After a brief hearing, both sisters were ordered to stand trial for murder. Peggy Lowe was granted bond and released after her neighbors in Vincent put their homes up for security. Betty Wilson was denied bond and remained in the Madison County jail until her trial. A short time later, Dr. Wilsons family filed suit to deny Betty Wilson access to his estate. Despite the posturing going on from all sides, many legal analysts began to doubt that the prosecution really had enough to convict. There was no eyewitness testimony to corroborate that James White and Betty Wilson had been together at any time and there was no physical evidence linking White to the crime scene. Another major headache for both sides was Whites constantly changing stories in which hed describe events one day and offer a completely different version the following week. Manufactured Evidence? Perhaps James White was thinking along similar lines because he suddenly recalled a fact that he claimed not to have remembered before. White said on the night of the crime, hed changed clothes in the Wilson house and placed them in a plastic bag, along with the rope and knife, and hid them under a rock a few feet from the swimming pool. The bag was allegedly the same one in which hed received the money from Peggy Lowe. Although the clothes and bag were found exactly where White said they would be, forensic pathologists were never able to establish if they had been bloodstained, or if they actually belonged to White. Officials later explained the clothes not being found during the initial search because the police dog had been suffering from allergies. The clothes were to become one of the biggest mysteries of the case. No one seriously believed they could have been missed during the initial search. Even members of the Huntsville Police expressed skepticism—albeit off the record. Although he eventually was offered the plea deal, many believed White had gotten someone to plant the clothes in an attempt to bolster his credibility and escape the electric chair. A Media Feeding Frenzy By this time the case of the Evil Twins had captured national attention. The Wall Street Journal, the Washington Times, and People magazine ran lengthy articles. Tabloid TV shows including Hard Copy and Inside Edition ran features stories. When two national television networks expressed interest in making a movie, agents descended on Huntsville and bought up movie rights from most of the parties involved. As summer wore on, even the most impartial observers began to take sides. Never in the history of Huntsville had a case generated so much controversy and news coverage. Due to the publicity, the judge ordered the trial venue moved to Tuscaloosa. The Trial of Betty Wilson When Betty Wilsons murder trial finally began, the case boiled down to one simple question: Who was telling the truth, Betty Wilson or James White? The prosecution argued it was a case of murder for hire. The defense said the fact that White did not carry a weapon with him made the story suspect.The prosecution argued Whites testimony was credible. The defense argued White had changed his confessions so many times it could not be believed. They further argued that he had molded his testimony to fit the prosecutions case in order to escape a possible death sentence.The prosecution argued Whites testimony was corroborated by records of phone calls and the library book. The defense maintained there were other explanations that could introduce reasonable doubt.The prosecution argued the gun was given to White by Betty Wilson and Peggy Lowe. The defense claimed he stole the gun and offered the fact that the empty box the gun came in, along with shells, was found in the home afterward.The prosecution offered a witness who claimed to have seen James White and Betty Wilson near the murder scene within 30 minutes of one another. The defe nse argued the witness was not credible because shed been unable to pick White out of a lineup.The prosecution claimed the timeline proved their case. The defense argued the timeline did not fit.The prosecution offered a witness who testified that Betty Wilson had talked about wanting to kill her husband. The defense argued the story was not credible because it had happened almost six years earlier and the woman had continued to be friends with Betty Wilson.The defense offered a witness who stated shed received a message from Dr. Wilson on her answering machine after the alleged time of death. The prosecution argued the call could have been made earlier. Painted With a Damning Brush Regardless of the hard evidence, everyone agreed that the central focus of the prosecution’s case was to depict Betty Wilson as a cold, immoral woman who wanted her husband dead. To prove this they paraded a stream of witnesses who testified about hearing her curse and belittle her husband. Other witnesses testified to having knowledge of Betty Wilson taking men to her home for sexual liaisons. Perhaps the most dramatic part of the trial came when a black former city employee took the stand and testified to having had relations with the defendant. Although the prosecution denied playing the race card, observers of the trial all agreed it had the same effect. The case went to the jury at 12:28 on Tuesday, March 2, 1993. After deliberating the rest of the day and much of the following day, the jury returned a guilty verdict. (Jurors later revealed the deciding factor in their decision was the telephone records.) Betty Wilson was sentenced to life imprisonment, without the possibility of parole. The Trial of Peggy Lowe Six months later, Peggy Lowe stood trial for her alleged part in the murder for hire. Much of the evidence was a near repeat of that used during her sister’s trial, with the same witnesses making the same testimony. New to the case, however, was testimony by expert witnesses who stated it was possible that two people might have been involved in the murder. Citing the lack of blood splatters on the walls, the experts theorized the murder probably occurred some other place than the hallway and was caused by something other than a baseball bat. For the defense, the most crucial moment likely occurred when White testified that Betty Wilson picked him up at the murder scene between 6 and 6:30 p.m. on the day in question—a full hour later than he had previously testified. If the jurors believed this version of White’s story, it would have been impossible for Betty Wilson to have participated. The biggest difference in the trials, however, were the women being tried. While Betty Wilson was vilified as the quintessential Jezabel, Lowe was portrayed as a virtuous, compassionate, church-going woman who was constantly helping people less fortunate. While it had been difficult to get people to testify as character witnesses for Betty Wilson, the jurors in Lowes trial heard from a steady parade of witnesses extolling her virtues. It took only two hours and 11 minutes of deliberation for the jury to find Peggy Lowe not guilty. In this trial, jurors cited White’s lack of credibility as the major deciding factor. According to the Associated Press, Lowe said of the verdict, †³I asked the Lord to send me a good lawyer and he did, while the prosecutor explained ruefully that trying to convict her had been akin to â€Å"fighting God.† The Aftermath Although Peggy Lowe can never be tried again thanks to the rules of double jeopardy, the fact remains that its almost impossible for one sister to be innocent of the crime and the other guilty. Betty Wilson is serving out her sentence of life without parole at the Julia Tutwiler Prison in Wetumpka, Alabama. She works in the sewing department and spends her free time writing to her supporters. She has since remarried. Her sister served as her maid of honor for the prison ceremony and the two remain close. Her case is being appealed. Both sisters continue to maintain their innocence. James White is serving a life sentence at an institution in Springville, Alabama, where he is attending trade school and receiving counseling for drug and alcohol abuse. In 1994, he recanted his story of the twins’ involvement but later pled the Fifth Amendment when questioned about it in court. He will be eligible for parole in the year 2020.